Nk'umwuka urinda ibintu bidakora neza, ese azote ifite ibyago byo "gushonga" mu gihe cyo gukandagira? Ni gute wayirinda binyuze mu gushushanya inzira?

Azote ikoreshwa cyane nk'umwuka udakingira mu nganda nyinshi—kuva ku bipfunyika bya shimi no gupakira ibiribwa kugeza ku gukora ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga no gutunganya ubushyuhe bw'ibyuma. Kubera ko azote idashya kandi ntigira ingaruka ku bikoresho byinshi, ikunze gufatwa nk'umwuka "woroshye" gukanda. Ariko, abahanga mu by'inganda n'abakora uruganda rimwe na rimwe bibaza ikibazo cy'ingenzi: Ese azote ishobora gushonga mu cyuma gikonjesha mu gihe gisanzwe? Niba ari uko bimeze, ni izihe ngaruka zishobora guterwa, kandi ni gute igishushanyo mbonera gikwiye cya compressor no kugenzura uburyo ikora byayirinda?

Iyi nkuru isobanura imiterere y'umubiri azote ishobora gushonga, impamvu ibyo ari akaga kucompressor ya azote, n'uburyo bwo gushushanya n'uburyo bwo gukora ibintu butuma igikorwa cyo gukandagira mu buryo butekanye mu cyiciro cya gazi.

Ni ku kigero cy'umuvuduko n'ubushyuhe bungana iki aho azote ihinduka amazi?

Azote si umwuka "uhoraho" mu buryo bufatika—ishobora gushonga iyo ikonjeshejwe munsi y'ubushyuhe bwayo bukomeye kandi igashyirwa ku gitutu gihagije. Ubushyuhe bw'ingenzi bwa azote ni hafi -147 °C (-233 °F). Hejuru y'ubu bushyuhe, nta gitutu na kimwe gishobora gushonga azote; izakomeza kuba amazi cyangwa umwuka ukomeye cyane. Munsi ya -147 °C, azote ishobora kwivanga ikaba amazi iyo igitutu kirenze igitutu cy'umwuka wayo.

Mu buryo busanzwe bwo gukanda, azote yinjira muri compressor ku bushyuhe bw'ikirere (akenshi 20–40 °C) hanyuma igasohoka ku bushyuhe buri hejuru (ubusanzwe 100–150 °C). Muri iki gikorwa cyose, ubushyuhe bwa gazi buri hejuru cyane ya -147 °C. Kubwibyo, mu bihe bisanzwe byo gukora, nta ngaruka na gato zo gushonga kwa azote muri compressor, uko umuvuduko wayo waba uri hejuru kose.

None se kuki ubaza ikibazo?

Ubusanzwe impungenge ziterwa n'ibintu bibiri:

1. Ubukonje butangira cyangwa ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane: Niba compressor iherereye ahantu hakonje cyane (urugero, ikirere cya Arctique) kandi isoko ya azote nayo ikaba ikonje cyane, gazi ishobora kwinjira muri compressor ku bushyuhe buri hafi -50 °C cyangwa munsi yayo. Nubwo ikiri hejuru cyane ya -147 °C, bamwe mu bahanga mu by’injeniyeri bahangayikishijwe n’ingaruka z’ubukonje mu gace runaka.
2. Gukonjesha kwaguka: Iyo gazi ifunze yagutse inyuze muri valve cyangwa mu mwobo (urugero, mu gihe cyo kugabanya umuvuduko), ubushyuhe bwayo buragabanuka cyane (ingaruka za Joule-Thomson). Iyo azote ifite umuvuduko mwinshi yagutse mu buryo butunguranye ikagera ku muvuduko muto, ubushyuhe bushobora kugabanuka munsi ya -147 °C, bigatera gushonga. Ibi ntibibahoimbereicyumba cyo gukandagira cya compressor ariko gishobora kubaho mu gice cyo hasi cy’amazi, urugero, mu gice cyo kugabanya umuvuduko cyangwa mu buryo bwo gukangura umwuka.

Imbere muri compressor ya azote yakozwe neza—nta ngaruka mbi

Ku gikoresho cya azote gikoresha imiterere yacyo, ubushyuhe bwa gazi ntibwigera ku rugero rw'ingenzi. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora amazi akenshi buba hagati ya 120 °C na 150 °C kugira ngo habeho umutekano n'ubuzima bwiza bw'amavuta (ku bikoresho byasizwe amavuta). Nubwo haba hari igitutu kigera kuri 350 bar cyangwa kirenga, azote ikomeza kuba amazi cyangwa gazi, ntabwo ari amazi. Kubwibyo, kwangirika kwa mashini guterwa n'amazi (hydraulic lock) cyangwa guhumeka imbere mu kirere ntabwo ari ikibazo mu bijyanye no gukanda azote bisanzwe.

Ni ryari gushongesha amazi bishobora kuba ikibazo? Kandi wabyirinda ute?

Nubwo gushonga kw'amazi muri kompreseri atari ingaruka zifatika, hari ibihe bibiri aho azote y'amazi ishobora kwibasira muri sisitemu ya kompreseri, kandi ibi bisaba igishushanyo mbonera cyitondewe:

1. Gukonjesha hagati y'ibibuga bifite ubushyuhe buke cyane bwo gukonjesha
Iyo compressor ifite ibikoresho bikonjesha bikoresha icyuma gikonjesha cyangwa amazi akonjesha kugira ngo bikonjeshe gazi hagati y’ibyiciro, birashoboka gukonjesha azote cyane. Niba ubushyuhe bwa gazi nyuma y’ibikoresho bikonjesha bugabanutse munsi y’ikigero cy’ubushuhe ubwo aribwo bwose (niba buhari), amazi ahinduka nk’umukungugu ni ikibazo. Ariko kuri azote yumye kandi y’umwimerere, ibikoresho bikonjesha byagombye gukonjesha gazi munsi ya -147°C kugira ngo bitume amazi ashonga—ibi bikaba bitabaho mu nganda.

• Kwirinda: Koresha umwuka wo mu kirere cyangwa amazi asanzwe akonjesha (atari amazi ashyushye cyane) mu gukonjesha. Shyiraho igipimo cy'amazi akonjesha kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwa gaze isohoka bugume hejuru ya 0 °C (cyangwa hejuru ya -147 °C, ibyo bikaba ari ukuri mu buryo bwikora).

2. Kwaguka kw'umuvuduko mwinshi mu mazi
Iyo azote ifunze ibikwa ku muvuduko mwinshi hanyuma ikaguka ikagera ku muvuduko muto cyane binyuze muri valve (urugero, mu gasanduku k'amavuta ya gaze cyangwa ahantu ho guterera umuvuduko), kugabanuka k'ubushyuhe bishobora gutera ubukonje bw'ubushuhe cyangwa ndetse no gushonga kwa azote niba umuvuduko ugabanuka cyane kandi ubushyuhe bwo gutangira buri hasi cyane.

• Kwirinda: Shyushya azote mbere yo kwaguka cyangwa ukoreshe ibyiciro byinshi byo kwaguka ukoresheje uburyo bwo kongera gushyushya. Shyiramo icyuma gitandukanya amazi n'umwuka kiri munsi y'amazi niba hari ibyago byo kwaguka kw'amazi.

Impamvu guhitamo neza kompreseri n'imiterere yayo ari ngombwa

Sisitemu ya azote ikoze neza igomba:

• Kubika ubushyuhe bwa gazi mu mutekano hejuru y’aho ibintu bikomeye bigeze (bishobora kwikora mu buryo bwikora mu gihe ikirere gishyushye).
• Koresha ubukonje budakonjesha gaze cyane (urugero: ibikoresho bikonjesha bingana neza bifite ubushyuhe bugenzurwa).
• Shyiramo imfuruka z'umutekano zifunga compressor iyo ubushyuhe bwo gusohora bubaye buke cyane (bidashoboka) cyangwa buri hejuru cyane.
• Ku bijyanye n'ahantu hakonje cyane, tekereza ku byumba bishyushya gazi cyangwa ibikoresho bishyushya ibyuma kugira ngo ubushyuhe bwo kwinjira bugume hejuru ya -20 °C.

Akamaro ka Xuzhou Huayan: Compressor za azote zikozwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo zikore neza kandi zitagira amazi

Muri Xuzhou Huayan Gas Equipment Co., Ltd., tumaze imyaka irenga 40 dushushanya kandi dukora imashini zikora azote. Injeniyeri zacu zisobanukiwe ko umwuka "woroshye" nka azote ugisaba ubuhanga buhanitse kugira ngo hirindwe ibibazo bidasanzwe ariko bishoboka nko gukonja cyane, guhumeka kw'amazi, cyangwa kugabanya umuvuduko mu buryo butari bwo.

• Igishushanyo mbonera n'inganda mu rugo - Dugenzura buri kantu kose: imiterere y'icyiciro, ingano y'ibikoresho bikonjesha, guhitamo ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho by'umutekano. Ibi bituma compressor yawe ya azote ikora neza mu buryo bwihariye mu bijyanye n'ikirere cyawe n'imikorere yacyo.
• Byahinduwe hakurikijwe ikoreshwa ryawe - Waba ukeneye icyuma kimwe cyo gushyiramo umwuka muke cyangwa compressor y'icyiciro bine yo kuzuza silinda ifite umuvuduko mwinshi, duhindura imiterere kugira ngo wirinde ingaruka zo gushonga cyangwa gushonga kwa gaze.
• Ubunararibonye buhamye—Compressor zacu za azote zikoreshwa mu nganda zitunganya ibiribwa, inganda zikora imiti, ibikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, n'imiyoboro yo gupakira ibiribwa ku isi yose—mu turere dukonje cyane two muri Arctique kugeza ku bushyuhe bwo mu butayu.
• Inkunga yuzuye - Dutanga amabwiriza asobanutse neza ku bijyanye no kugenzura amazi akonje, gushyiraho ubushyuhe hagati y’ibice, n’uburyo bwo kwagura amazi mu buryo bwizewe mu gice cyo hepfo.

Umwanzuro

Ku mpamvu zose zifatika mu nganda, azote ntishobora gushonga mu cyuma cyakozwe neza cya azote kuko ubushyuhe bwa gazi buri hejuru cyane y’ubushyuhe bwayo bungana na -147 °C. Ingaruka nyazo ziri mu kwaguka cyangwa gukoresha nabi ibikoresho bikonjesha bitagira amazi—ingaruka zishobora gukurwaho binyuze mu gushushanya neza. Uhisemo cyuma cya azote cyakozwe neza kiva ku nganda zifite uburambe kandi ugakurikiza imikorere myiza, ushobora kwishimira gushonga azote mu buryo bwizewe, bwizewe kandi budafite amazi mu gihe cy’imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo.

Niba uteganya uburyo bushya bwo gukanda azote cyangwa ufite impungenge ku ngaruka zo gushonga kw'amazi mu mikorere yawe ubu, vugana n'abahanga bamaze imyaka irenga 40 bakemura ibi bibazo.

Hamagara itsinda ryacu ry’abahanga kugira ngo muganire ku byo ukeneye mu gukamura azote.

Xuzhou Huayan Gas Equipment Co., Ltd.
Email: Mail@huayanmail.com
Terefone: +86 19351565170
Ubuhanga bwo gukandagira azote mu gihe cy'imyaka irenga 40.